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Summary: Methods | Inherited Methods

# Class

`public final class Class`
`extends Object` `implements Serializable, GenericDeclaration, Type, AnnotatedElement`

java.lang.Object
↳ | java.lang.Class<T>

Instances of the class `Class` represent classes and interfaces in a running Java application. An enum is a kind of class and an annotation is a kind of interface. Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as a `Class` object that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number of dimensions. The primitive Java types (`boolean`, `byte`, `char`, `short`, `int`, `long`, `float`, and `double`), and the keyword `void` are also represented as `Class` objects.

`Class` has no public constructor. Instead `Class` objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes are loaded and by calls to the `defineClass` method in the class loader.

The following example uses a `Class` object to print the class name of an object:

>          void printClassName(Object obj) {
>              System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
>                                 " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
>          }

It is also possible to get the `Class` object for a named type (or for void) using a class literal. See Section 15.8.2 of The Java™ Language Specification. For example:

> `System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());`

See also:

- `ClassLoader.defineClass(byte[], int, int)`

## Summary

### Public methods
`<U> Class<? extends U>` | `asSubclass(Class<U> clazz)` Casts this `Class` object to represent a subclass of the class represented by the specified class object.
`T` | `cast(Object obj)` Casts an object to the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`boolean` | `desiredAssertionStatus()` Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
`static Class<?>` | `forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader)` Returns the `Class` object associated with the class or interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
`static Class<?>` | `forName(String className)` Returns the `Class` object associated with the class or interface with the given string name.
`<A extends Annotation> A` | `getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass)`
`Annotation[]` | `getAnnotations()` Returns annotations that are present on this element.
`<A extends Annotation> A[]` | `getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass)`
`String` | `getCanonicalName()` Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as defined by the Java Language Specification.
`ClassLoader` | `getClassLoader()` Returns the class loader for the class.
`Class[]<?>` | `getClasses()` Returns an array containing `Class` objects representing all the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class represented by this `Class` object.
`Class<?>` | `getComponentType()` Returns the `Class` representing the component type of an array.
`Constructor<T>` | `getConstructor(Class...<?> parameterTypes)` Returns a `Constructor` object that reflects the specified public constructor of the class represented by this `Class` object.
`Constructor[]<?>` | `getConstructors()` Returns an array containing `Constructor` objects reflecting all the public constructors of the class represented by this `Class` object.
`<A extends Annotation> A` | `getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass)`
`Annotation[]` | `getDeclaredAnnotations()` Returns annotations that are directly present on this element.
`Class[]<?>` | `getDeclaredClasses()` Returns an array of `Class` objects reflecting all the classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by this `Class` object.
`Constructor<T>` | `getDeclaredConstructor(Class...<?> parameterTypes)` Returns a `Constructor` object that reflects the specified constructor of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`Constructor[]<?>` | `getDeclaredConstructors()` Returns an array of `Constructor` objects reflecting all the constructors declared by the class represented by this `Class` object.
`Field` | `getDeclaredField(String name)` Returns a `Field` object that reflects the specified declared field of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`Field[]` | `getDeclaredFields()` Returns an array of `Field` objects reflecting all the fields declared by the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`Method` | `getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class...<?> parameterTypes)` Returns a `Method` object that reflects the specified declared method of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`Method[]` | `getDeclaredMethods()` Returns an array containing `Method` objects reflecting all the declared methods of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object, including public, protected, default (package) access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
`Class<?>` | `getDeclaringClass()` If the class or interface represented by this `Class` object is a member of another class, returns the `Class` object representing the class in which it was declared.
`Class<?>` | `getEnclosingClass()` Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class.
`Constructor<?>` | `getEnclosingConstructor()` If this `Class` object represents a local or anonymous class within a constructor, returns a `Constructor` object representing the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class.
`Method` | `getEnclosingMethod()` If this `Class` object represents a local or anonymous class within a method, returns a `Method` object representing the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class.
`T[]` | `getEnumConstants()` Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this Class object does not represent an enum type.
`Field` | `getField(String name)` Returns a `Field` object that reflects the specified public member field of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`Field[]` | `getFields()` Returns an array containing `Field` objects reflecting all the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`Type[]` | `getGenericInterfaces()` Returns the `Type`s representing the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface represented by this object.
`Type` | `getGenericSuperclass()` Returns the `Type` representing the direct superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this `Class`.
`Class[]<?>` | `getInterfaces()` Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface represented by this object.
`Method` | `getMethod(String name, Class...<?> parameterTypes)` Returns a `Method` object that reflects the specified public member method of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.
`Method[]` | `getMethods()` Returns an array containing `Method` objects reflecting all the public methods of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object, including those declared by the class or interface and those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
`int` | `getModifiers()` Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded in an integer.
`String` | `getName()` Returns the name of the entity (class, interface, array class, primitive type, or void) represented by this `Class` object, as a `String`.
`Package` | `getPackage()` Gets the package for this class.
`ProtectionDomain` | `getProtectionDomain()` Returns the `ProtectionDomain` of this class.
`URL` | `getResource(String name)` Finds a resource with a given name.
`InputStream` | `getResourceAsStream(String name)` Finds a resource with a given name.
`Object[]` | `getSigners()` Gets the signers of this class.
`String` | `getSimpleName()` Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the source code.
`Class<? super T>` | `getSuperclass()` Returns the `Class` representing the superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this `Class`.
`String` | `getTypeName()` Return an informative string for the name of this type.
`TypeVariable[]<Class<T>>` | `getTypeParameters()` Returns an array of `TypeVariable` objects that represent the type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this `GenericDeclaration` object, in declaration order.
`boolean` | `isAnnotation()` Returns true if this `Class` object represents an annotation type.
`boolean` | `isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)` Returns true if an annotation for the specified type is present on this element, else false.
`boolean` | `isAnonymousClass()` Returns `true` if and only if the underlying class is an anonymous class.
`boolean` | `isArray()` Determines if this `Class` object represents an array class.
`boolean` | `isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls)` Determines if the class or interface represented by this `Class` object is either the same as, or is a superclass or superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified `Class` parameter.
`boolean` | `isEnum()` Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the source code.
`boolean` | `isInstance(Object obj)` Determines if the specified `Object` is assignment-compatible with the object represented by this `Class`.
`boolean` | `isInterface()` Determines if the specified `Class` object represents an interface type.
`boolean` | `isLocalClass()` Returns `true` if and only if the underlying class is a local class.
`boolean` | `isMemberClass()` Returns `true` if and only if the underlying class is a member class.
`boolean` | `isPrimitive()` Determines if the specified `Class` object represents a primitive type.
`boolean` | `isSynthetic()` Returns `true` if this class is a synthetic class; returns `false` otherwise.
`T` | `newInstance()` Creates a new instance of the class represented by this `Class` object.
`String` | `toGenericString()` Returns a string describing this `Class`, including information about modifiers and type parameters.
`String` | `toString()` Converts the object to a string.

### Inherited methods
From class `java.lang.Object`
`Object` | `clone()` Creates and returns a copy of this object.
`boolean` | `equals(Object obj)` Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
`void` | `finalize()` Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object.
`final Class<?>` | `getClass()` Returns the runtime class of this `Object`.
`int` | `hashCode()` Returns a hash code value for the object.
`final void` | `notify()` Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor.
`final void` | `notifyAll()` Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor.
`String` | `toString()` Returns a string representation of the object.
`final void` | `wait(long timeout, int nanos)` Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the `notify()` method or the `notifyAll()` method for this object, or some other thread interrupts the current thread, or a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
`final void` | `wait(long timeout)` Causes the current thread to wait until either another thread invokes the `notify()` method or the `notifyAll()` method for this object, or a specified amount of time has elapsed.
`final void` | `wait()` Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the `notify()` method or the `notifyAll()` method for this object.
From interface `java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration`
`abstract TypeVariable[]<?>` | `getTypeParameters()` Returns an array of `TypeVariable` objects that represent the type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this `GenericDeclaration` object, in declaration order.
From interface `java.lang.reflect.Type`
`default String` | `getTypeName()` Returns a string describing this type, including information about any type parameters.
From interface `java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement`
`abstract <T extends Annotation> T` | `getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass)` Returns this element's annotation for the specified type if such an annotation is present, else null.
`abstract Annotation[]` | `getAnnotations()` Returns annotations that are present on this element.
`default <T extends Annotation> T[]` | `getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass)` Returns annotations that are associated with this element.
`default <T extends Annotation> T` | `getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass)` Returns this element's annotation for the specified type if such an annotation is directly present, else null.
`abstract Annotation[]` | `getDeclaredAnnotations()` Returns annotations that are directly present on this element.
`default <T extends Annotation> T[]` | `getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass)` Returns this element's annotation(s) for the specified type if such annotations are either directly present or indirectly present.
`default boolean` | `isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)` Returns true if an annotation for the specified type is present on this element, else false.

## Public methods

### asSubclass

    public Class<? extends U> asSubclass (Class<U> clazz)

Casts this `Class` object to represent a subclass of the class represented by the specified class object. Checks that the cast is valid, and throws a `ClassCastException` if it is not. If this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.

This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of a `Class` object to pass it to an API that restricts the `Class` objects that it is willing to accept. A cast would generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented by erasure).

Parameters
`clazz` | `Class`: the class of the type to cast this class object to

Returns
`Class<? extends U>` | this `Class` object, cast to represent a subclass of the specified class object.

Throws
`ClassCastException` | if this `Class` object does not represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes the class itself).

### cast

    public T cast (Object obj)

Casts an object to the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.

Parameters
`obj` | `Object`: the object to be cast

Returns
`T` | the object after casting, or null if obj is null

Throws
`ClassCastException` | if the object is not null and is not assignable to the type T.

### desiredAssertionStatus

    public boolean desiredAssertionStatus ()

Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked. If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned; otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned; otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.

Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided for the benefit of the JRE itself. (It allows a class to determine at the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.) Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified class when it was (or will be) initialized.

Returns
`boolean` | the desired assertion status of the specified class.

See also:

- `ClassLoader.setClassAssertionStatus(String, boolean)`
- `ClassLoader.setPackageAssertionStatus(String, boolean)`
- `ClassLoader.setDefaultAssertionStatus(boolean)`

### forName

    public static Class<?> forName (String name,
                    boolean initialize,
                    ClassLoader loader)

Returns the `Class` object associated with the class or interface with the given string name, using the given class loader. Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same format returned by `getName`) this method attempts to locate, load, and link the class or interface. The specified class loader is used to load the class or interface. If the parameter `loader` is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap class loader. The class is initialized only if the `initialize` parameter is `true` and if it has not been initialized earlier.

If `name` denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose name is `name`. Therefore, this method cannot be used to obtain any of the `Class` objects representing primitive types or void.

If `name` denotes an array class, the component type of the array class is loaded but not initialized.

For example, in an instance method the expression:

> `Class.forName("Foo")`

is equivalent to:

> `Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())`

Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of The Java Language Specification. Note that this method does not check whether the requested class is accessible to its caller.

If the `loader` is `null`, and a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this method calls the security manager's `checkPermission` method with a `RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")` permission to ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.

Parameters
`name` | `String`: fully qualified name of the desired class
`initialize` | `boolean`: if `true` the class will be initialized. See Section 12.4 of The Java Language Specification.
`loader` | `ClassLoader`: class loader from which the class must be loaded

Returns
`Class<?>` | class object representing the desired class

Throws
`LinkageError` | if the linkage fails
`ExceptionInInitializerError` | if the initialization provoked by this method fails
`ClassNotFoundException` | if the class cannot be located by the specified class loader

See also:

- `forName(String)`
- `ClassLoader`

### forName

    public static Class<?> forName (String className)

Returns the `Class` object associated with the class or interface with the given string name. Invoking this method is equivalent to:

> `Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)`

where `currentLoader` denotes the defining class loader of the current class.

For example, the following code fragment returns the runtime `Class` descriptor for the class named `java.lang.Thread`:

> `Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")`

A call to `forName("X")` causes the class named `X` to be initialized.

Parameters
`className` | `String`: the fully qualified name of the desired class.

Returns
`Class<?>` | the `Class` object for the class with the specified name.

Throws
`LinkageError` | if the linkage fails
`ExceptionInInitializerError` | if the initialization provoked by this method fails
`ClassNotFoundException` | if the class cannot be located

### getAnnotation

    public A getAnnotation (Class<A> annotationClass)

Parameters
`annotationClass` | `Class`

Returns
`A` |

Throws
`NullPointerException` |

### getAnnotations

    public Annotation[] getAnnotations ()

Returns annotations that are present on this element. If there are no annotations present on this element, the return value is an array of length 0. The caller of this method is free to modify the returned array; it will have no effect on the arrays returned to other callers.

Returns
`Annotation[]` | annotations present on this element

### getAnnotationsByType

    public A[] getAnnotationsByType (Class<A> annotationClass)

Parameters
`annotationClass` | `Class`

Returns
`A[]` |

Throws
`NullPointerException` |

### getCanonicalName

    public String getCanonicalName ()

Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as defined by the Java Language Specification. Returns null if the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component type does not have a canonical name).

Returns
`String` | the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and `null` otherwise.

### getClassLoader

    public ClassLoader getClassLoader ()

Returns the class loader for the class. Some implementations may use null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap class loader.

If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then this method calls the security manager's `checkPermission` method with a `RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")` permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.

If this object represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.

Returns
`ClassLoader` | the class loader that loaded the class or interface represented by this object.

Throws
`SecurityException` | if a security manager exists and its `checkPermission` method denies access to the class loader for the class.

See also:

- `ClassLoader`
- `SecurityManager.checkPermission(Permission)`
- `RuntimePermission`

### getClasses

    public Class[]<?> getClasses ()

Returns an array containing `Class` objects representing all the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class represented by this `Class` object. This includes public class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class and interface members declared by the class. This method returns an array of length 0 if this `Class` object has no public member classes or interfaces. This method also returns an array of length 0 if this `Class` object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.

Returns
`Class[]<?>` | the array of `Class` objects representing the public members of this class

### getComponentType

    public Class<?> getComponentType ()

Returns the `Class` representing the component type of an array. If this class does not represent an array class this method returns null.

Returns
`Class<?>` | the `Class` representing the component type of this class if this class is an array

See also:

- `Array`

### getConstructor

    public Constructor<T> getConstructor (Class...<?> parameterTypes)

Returns a `Constructor` object that reflects the specified public constructor of the class represented by this `Class` object. The `parameterTypes` parameter is an array of `Class` objects that identify the constructor's formal parameter types, in declared order. If this `Class` object represents an inner class declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.

The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class represented by this `Class` object whose formal parameter types match those specified by `parameterTypes`.

Parameters
`parameterTypes` | `Class`: the parameter array

Returns
`Constructor<T>` | the `Constructor` object of the public constructor that matches the specified `parameterTypes`

Throws
`NoSuchMethodException` | if a matching method is not found.
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class.

### getConstructors

    public Constructor[]<?> getConstructors ()

Returns an array containing `Constructor` objects reflecting all the public constructors of the class represented by this `Class` object. An array of length 0 is returned if the class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or if the class reflects a primitive type or void. Note that while this method returns an array of `Constructor<T>` objects (that is an array of constructors from this class), the return type of this method is `Constructor<?>[]` and not `Constructor<T>[]` as might be expected. This less informative return type is necessary since after being returned from this method, the array could be modified to hold `Constructor` objects for different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of `Constructor<T>[]`.

Returns
`Constructor[]<?>` | the array of `Constructor` objects representing the public constructors of this class

Throws
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class.

### getDeclaredAnnotation

    public A getDeclaredAnnotation (Class<A> annotationClass)

Parameters
`annotationClass` | `Class`

Returns
`A` |

Throws
`NullPointerException` |

### getDeclaredAnnotations

    public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations ()

Returns annotations that are directly present on this element. This method ignores inherited annotations. If there are no annotations directly present on this element, the return value is an array of length 0. The caller of this method is free to modify the returned array; it will have no effect on the arrays returned to other callers.

Returns
`Annotation[]` | annotations directly present on this element

### getDeclaredClasses

    public Class[]<?> getDeclaredClasses ()

Returns an array of `Class` objects reflecting all the classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by this `Class` object. This includes public, protected, default (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or interfaces as members, or if this `Class` object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.

Returns
`Class[]<?>` | the array of `Class` objects representing all the declared members of this class

Throws
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met: the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPermission` method with `RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")` denies access to the declared classes within this class the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class

### getDeclaredConstructor

    public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor (Class...<?> parameterTypes)

Returns a `Constructor` object that reflects the specified constructor of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object. The `parameterTypes` parameter is an array of `Class` objects that identify the constructor's formal parameter types, in declared order. If this `Class` object represents an inner class declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.

Parameters
`parameterTypes` | `Class`: the parameter array

Returns
`Constructor<T>` | The `Constructor` object for the constructor with the specified parameter list

Throws
`NoSuchMethodException` | if a matching method is not found.
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met: the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPermission` method with `RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")` denies access to the declared constructor the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class

### getDeclaredConstructors

    public Constructor[]<?> getDeclaredConstructors ()

Returns an array of `Constructor` objects reflecting all the constructors declared by the class represented by this `Class` object. These are public, protected, default (package) access, and private constructors. The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. If the class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array. This method returns an array of length 0 if this `Class` object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.

See The Java Language Specification, section 8.2.

Returns
`Constructor[]<?>` | the array of `Constructor` objects representing all the declared constructors of this class

Throws
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met: the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPermission` method with `RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")` denies access to the declared constructors within this class the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class

### getDeclaredField

    public Field getDeclaredField (String name)

Returns a `Field` object that reflects the specified declared field of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object. The `name` parameter is a `String` that specifies the simple name of the desired field.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, then this method does not find the `length` field of the array type.

Parameters
`name` | `String`: the name of the field

Returns
`Field` | the `Field` object for the specified field in this class

Throws
`NoSuchFieldException` | if a field with the specified name is not found.
`NullPointerException` | if `name` is `null`
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met: the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPermission` method with `RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")` denies access to the declared field the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class

### getDeclaredFields

    public Field[] getDeclaredFields ()

Returns an array of `Field` objects reflecting all the fields declared by the class or interface represented by this `Class` object. This includes public, protected, default (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.

If this `Class` object represents a class or interface with no declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, a primitive type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.

The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any particular order.

Returns
`Field[]` | the array of `Field` objects representing all the declared fields of this class

Throws
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met: the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPermission` method with `RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")` denies access to the declared fields within this class the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class

### getDeclaredMethod

    public Method getDeclaredMethod (String name,
                    Class...<?> parameterTypes)

Returns a `Method` object that reflects the specified declared method of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object. The `name` parameter is a `String` that specifies the simple name of the desired method, and the `parameterTypes` parameter is an array of `Class` objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared order. If more than one method with the same parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily. If the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a `NoSuchMethodException` is raised.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, then this method does not find the `clone()` method.

Parameters
`name` | `String`: the name of the method
`parameterTypes` | `Class`: the parameter array

Returns
`Method` | the `Method` object for the method of this class matching the specified name and parameters

Throws
`NoSuchMethodException` | if a matching method is not found.
`NullPointerException` | if `name` is `null`
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met: the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPermission` method with `RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")` denies access to the declared method the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class

### getDeclaredMethods

    public Method[] getDeclaredMethods ()

Returns an array containing `Method` objects reflecting all the declared methods of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object, including public, protected, default (package) access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.

If this `Class` object represents a type that has multiple declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different return types, then the returned array has a `Method` object for each such method.

If this `Class` object represents a type that has a class initialization method `<clinit>`, then the returned array does not have a corresponding `Method` object.

If this `Class` object represents a class or interface with no declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, a primitive type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.

The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any particular order.

Returns
`Method[]` | the array of `Method` objects representing all the declared methods of this class

Throws
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met: the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPermission` method with `RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")` denies access to the declared methods within this class the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class

### getDeclaringClass

    public Class<?> getDeclaringClass ()

If the class or interface represented by this `Class` object is a member of another class, returns the `Class` object representing the class in which it was declared. This method returns null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class. If this `Class` object represents an array class, a primitive type, or void,then this method returns null.

Returns
`Class<?>` | the declaring class for this class

### getEnclosingClass

    public Class<?> getEnclosingClass ()

Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class. If the underlying class is a top level class this method returns `null`.

Returns
`Class<?>` | the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class

### getEnclosingConstructor

    public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor ()

If this `Class` object represents a local or anonymous class within a constructor, returns a `Constructor` object representing the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class. Returns `null` otherwise. In particular, this method returns `null` if the underlying class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.

Returns
`Constructor<?>` | the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise `null`.

### getEnclosingMethod

    public Method getEnclosingMethod ()

If this `Class` object represents a local or anonymous class within a method, returns a `Method` object representing the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns `null` otherwise. In particular, this method returns `null` if the underlying class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.

Returns
`Method` | the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise `null`.

### getEnumConstants

    public T[] getEnumConstants ()

Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this Class object does not represent an enum type.

Returns
`T[]` | an array containing the values comprising the enum class represented by this Class object in the order they're declared, or null if this Class object does not represent an enum type

### getField

    public Field getField (String name)

Returns a `Field` object that reflects the specified public member field of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object. The `name` parameter is a `String` specifying the simple name of the desired field.

The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:

1. If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the field to be reflected.
2. If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.
3. If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S. If C has no superclass, then a `NoSuchFieldException` is thrown.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, then this method does not find the `length` field of the array type.

Parameters
`name` | `String`: the field name

Returns
`Field` | the `Field` object of this class specified by `name`

Throws
`NoSuchFieldException` | if a field with the specified name is not found.
`NullPointerException` | if `name` is `null`
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class.

### getFields

    public Field[] getFields ()

Returns an array containing `Field` objects reflecting all the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object.

If this `Class` object represents a class or interface with no no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.

If this `Class` object represents a class, then this method returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses.

If this `Class` object represents an interface, then this method returns the fields of the interface and of all its superinterfaces.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, a primitive type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.

The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any particular order.

Returns
`Field[]` | the array of `Field` objects representing the public fields

Throws
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class.

### getGenericInterfaces

    public Type[] getGenericInterfaces ()

Returns the `Type`s representing the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface represented by this object.

If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the `Type` object returned for it must accurately reflect the actual type parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type representing each superinterface is created if it had not been created before. See the declaration of `ParameterizedType` for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.

If this object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the `implements` clause of the declaration of the class represented by this object. In the case of an array class, the interfaces `Cloneable` and `Serializable` are returned in that order.

If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the `extends` clause of the declaration of the interface represented by this object.

If this object represents a class or interface that implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.

If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method returns an array of length 0.

Returns
`Type[]` | an array of interfaces implemented by this class

Throws
`GenericSignatureFormatError` | if the generic class signature does not conform to the format specified in The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification
`TypeNotPresentException` | if any of the generic superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
`MalformedParameterizedTypeException` | if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason

### getGenericSuperclass

    public Type getGenericSuperclass ()

Returns the `Type` representing the direct superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this `Class`.

If the superclass is a parameterized type, the `Type` object returned must accurately reflect the actual type parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type representing the superclass is created if it had not been created before. See the declaration of `ParameterizedType` for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized types. If this `Class` represents either the `Object` class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the `Class` object representing the `Object` class is returned.

Returns
`Type` | the superclass of the class represented by this object

Throws
`GenericSignatureFormatError` | if the generic class signature does not conform to the format specified in The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification
`TypeNotPresentException` | if the generic superclass refers to a non-existent type declaration
`MalformedParameterizedTypeException` | if the generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason

### getInterfaces

    public Class[]<?> getInterfaces ()

Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface represented by this object.

If this object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the `implements` clause of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For example, given the declaration:

> `class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }`

suppose the value of `s` is an instance of `Shimmer`; the value of the expression:

> `s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]`

is the `Class` object that represents interface `FloorWax`; and the value of:

> `s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]`

is the `Class` object that represents interface `DessertTopping`.

If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the `extends` clause of the declaration of the interface represented by this object.

If this object represents a class or interface that implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.

If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method returns an array of length 0.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, the interfaces `Cloneable` and `java.io.Serializable` are returned in that order.

Returns
`Class[]<?>` | an array of interfaces implemented by this class.

### getMethod

    public Method getMethod (String name,
                    Class...<?> parameterTypes)

Returns a `Method` object that reflects the specified public member method of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object. The `name` parameter is a `String` specifying the simple name of the desired method. The `parameterTypes` parameter is an array of `Class` objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared order. If `parameterTypes` is `null`, it is treated as if it were an empty array.

If the `name` is "`<init>`" or "`<clinit>`" a `NoSuchMethodException` is raised. Otherwise, the method to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:

1. C is searched for a matching method, as defined below. If a matching method is found, it is reflected.
2. If no matching method is found by step 1 then:
   1. If C is a class other than `Object`, then this algorithm is invoked recursively on the superclass of C.
   2. If C is the class `Object`, or if C is an interface, then the superinterfaces of C (if any) are searched for a matching method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.

To find a matching method in a class or interface C: If C declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.

Note that there may be more than one matching method in a class because while the Java language forbids a class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different return types, the Java virtual machine does not. This increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to implement various language features. For example, covariant returns can be implemented with bridge methods; the bridge method and the method being overridden would have the same signature but different return types.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, then this method does not find the `clone()` method.

Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object are not considered members of the class or interface.

Parameters
`name` | `String`: the name of the method
`parameterTypes` | `Class`: the list of parameters

Returns
`Method` | the `Method` object that matches the specified `name` and `parameterTypes`

Throws
`NoSuchMethodException` | if a matching method is not found or if the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>".
`NullPointerException` | if `name` is `null`
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class.

### getMethods

    public Method[] getMethods ()

Returns an array containing `Method` objects reflecting all the public methods of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object, including those declared by the class or interface and those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.

If this `Class` object represents a type that has multiple public methods with the same name and parameter types, but different return types, then the returned array has a `Method` object for each such method.

If this `Class` object represents a type with a class initialization method `<clinit>`, then the returned array does not have a corresponding `Method` object.

If this `Class` object represents an array type, then the returned array has a `Method` object for each of the public methods inherited by the array type from `Object`. It does not contain a `Method` object for `clone()`.

If this `Class` object represents an interface then the returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from `Object`. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array has length 0. (Note that a `Class` object which represents a class always has public methods, inherited from `Object`.)

If this `Class` object represents a primitive type or void, then the returned array has length 0.

Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface represented by this `Class` object are not considered members of the class or interface.

The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any particular order.

Returns
`Method[]` | the array of `Method` objects representing the public methods of this class

Throws
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class.

### getModifiers

    public int getModifiers ()

Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's constants for `public`, `protected`, `private`, `final`, `static`, `abstract` and `interface`; they should be decoded using the methods of class `Modifier`.

If the underlying class is an array class, then its `public`, `private` and `protected` modifiers are the same as those of its component type. If this `Class` represents a primitive type or void, its `public` modifier is always `true`, and its `protected` and `private` modifiers are always `false`. If this object represents an array class, a primitive type or void, then its `final` modifier is always `true` and its interface modifier is always `false`. The values of its other modifiers are not determined by this specification.

The modifier encodings are defined in The Java Virtual Machine Specification, table 4.1.

Returns
`int` | the `int` representing the modifiers for this class

See also:

- `Modifier`

### getName

    public String getName ()

Returns the name of the entity (class, interface, array class, primitive type, or void) represented by this `Class` object, as a `String`.

If this class object represents a reference type that is not an array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified by The Java™ Language Specification.

If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the name returned is a `String` equal to the Java language keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.

If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by one or more '`[`' characters representing the depth of the array nesting. The encoding of element type names is as follows:

> Element Type |  | Encoding
> --- | --- | ---
> boolean |  | Z
> byte |  | B
> char |  | C
> class or interface |  | Lclassname;
> double |  | D
> float |  | F
> int |  | I
> long |  | J
> short |  | S

The class or interface name classname is the binary name of the class specified above.

Examples:

>      String.class.getName()
>          returns "java.lang.String"
>      byte.class.getName()
>          returns "byte"
>      (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
>          returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
>      (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
>          returns "[[[[[[[I"

Returns
`String` | the name of the class or interface represented by this object.

### getPackage

    public Package getPackage ()

Gets the package for this class. The class loader of this class is used to find the package. If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created by the class loader of this class.

Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes from the manifest.

Returns
`Package` | the package of the class, or null if no package information is available from the archive or codebase.

### getProtectionDomain

    public ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain ()

Returns the `ProtectionDomain` of this class. If there is a security manager installed, this method first calls the security manager's `checkPermission` method with a `RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")` permission to ensure it's ok to get the `ProtectionDomain`.

Returns
`ProtectionDomain` | the ProtectionDomain of this class

Throws
`SecurityException` | if a security manager exists and its `checkPermission` method doesn't allow getting the ProtectionDomain.

See also:

- `ProtectionDomain`
- `SecurityManager.checkPermission(Permission)`
- `RuntimePermission`

### getResource

    public URL getResource (String name)

Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the defining ClassLoader of the class. This method delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to `ClassLoader#getSystemResource`.

Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the given resource name using this algorithm:

- If the `name` begins with a `'/'` (`'\u002f'`), then the absolute name of the resource is the portion of the `name` following the `'/'`.
- Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:

  > `modified_package_name/name`

  Where the `modified_package_name` is the package name of this object with `'/'` substituted for `'.'` (`'\u002e'`).

Parameters
`name` | `String`: name of the desired resource

Returns
`URL` | A `URL` object or `null` if no resource with this name is found

### getResourceAsStream

    public InputStream getResourceAsStream (String name)

Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the defining ClassLoader of the class. This method delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to `ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream`.

Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the given resource name using this algorithm:

- If the `name` begins with a `'/'` (`'\u002f'`), then the absolute name of the resource is the portion of the `name` following the `'/'`.
- Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:

  > `modified_package_name/name`

  Where the `modified_package_name` is the package name of this object with `'/'` substituted for `'.'` (`'\u002e'`).

Parameters
`name` | `String`: name of the desired resource

Returns
`InputStream` | A `InputStream` object or `null` if no resource with this name is found

Throws
`NullPointerException` | If `name` is `null`

### getSigners

    public Object[] getSigners ()

Gets the signers of this class.

Returns
`Object[]` | the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers. In particular, this method returns null if this object represents a primitive type or void.

### getSimpleName

    public String getSimpleName ()

Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is anonymous.

The simple name of an array is the simple name of the component type with "[]" appended. In particular the simple name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".

Returns
`String` | the simple name of the underlying class

### getSuperclass

    public Class<? super T> getSuperclass ()

Returns the `Class` representing the superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this `Class`. If this `Class` represents either the `Object` class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the `Class` object representing the `Object` class is returned.

Returns
`Class<? super T>` | the superclass of the class represented by this object.

### getTypeName

    public String getTypeName ()

Return an informative string for the name of this type.

Returns
`String` | an informative string for the name of this type

### getTypeParameters

    public TypeVariable[]<Class<T>> getTypeParameters ()

Returns an array of `TypeVariable` objects that represent the type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this `GenericDeclaration` object, in declaration order. Returns an array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type variables.

Returns
`TypeVariable[]<Class<T>>` | an array of `TypeVariable` objects that represent the type variables declared by this generic declaration

Throws
`GenericSignatureFormatError` | if the generic signature of this generic declaration does not conform to the format specified in The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification

### isAnnotation

    public boolean isAnnotation ()

Returns true if this `Class` object represents an annotation type. Note that if this method returns true, `isInterface()` would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.

Returns
`boolean` | `true` if this class object represents an annotation type; `false` otherwise

### isAnnotationPresent

    public boolean isAnnotationPresent (Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)

Returns true if an annotation for the specified type is present on this element, else false. This method is designed primarily for convenient access to marker annotations.

The truth value returned by this method is equivalent to: `getAnnotation(annotationClass) != null`

The body of the default method is specified to be the code above.

Parameters
`annotationClass` | `Class`: the Class object corresponding to the annotation type

Returns
`boolean` | true if an annotation for the specified annotation type is present on this element, else false

Throws
`NullPointerException` |

### isAnonymousClass

    public boolean isAnonymousClass ()

Returns `true` if and only if the underlying class is an anonymous class.

Returns
`boolean` | `true` if and only if this class is an anonymous class.

### isArray

    public boolean isArray ()

Determines if this `Class` object represents an array class.

Returns
`boolean` | `true` if this object represents an array class; `false` otherwise.

### isAssignableFrom

    public boolean isAssignableFrom (Class<?> cls)

Determines if the class or interface represented by this `Class` object is either the same as, or is a superclass or superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified `Class` parameter. It returns `true` if so; otherwise it returns `false`. If this `Class` object represents a primitive type, this method returns `true` if the specified `Class` parameter is exactly this `Class` object; otherwise it returns `false`.

Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the specified `Class` parameter can be converted to the type represented by this `Class` object via an identity conversion or via a widening reference conversion. See The Java Language Specification, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.

Parameters
`cls` | `Class`: the `Class` object to be checked

Returns
`boolean` | the `boolean` value indicating whether objects of the type `cls` can be assigned to objects of this class

Throws
`NullPointerException` | if the specified Class parameter is null.

### isEnum

    public boolean isEnum ()

Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the source code.

Returns
`boolean` | true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the source code

### isInstance

    public boolean isInstance (Object obj)

Determines if the specified `Object` is assignment-compatible with the object represented by this `Class`. This method is the dynamic equivalent of the Java language `instanceof` operator. The method returns `true` if the specified `Object` argument is non-null and can be cast to the reference type represented by this `Class` object without raising a `ClassCastException.` It returns `false` otherwise.

Specifically, if this `Class` object represents a declared class, this method returns `true` if the specified `Object` argument is an instance of the represented class (or of any of its subclasses); it returns `false` otherwise. If this `Class` object represents an array class, this method returns `true` if the specified `Object` argument can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns `false` otherwise. If this `Class` object represents an interface, this method returns `true` if the class or any superclass of the specified `Object` argument implements this interface; it returns `false` otherwise. If this `Class` object represents a primitive type, this method returns `false`.

Parameters
`obj` | `Object`: the object to check

Returns
`boolean` | true if `obj` is an instance of this class

### isInterface

    public boolean isInterface ()

Determines if the specified `Class` object represents an interface type.

Returns
`boolean` | `true` if this object represents an interface; `false` otherwise.

### isLocalClass

    public boolean isLocalClass ()

Returns `true` if and only if the underlying class is a local class.

Returns
`boolean` | `true` if and only if this class is a local class.

### isMemberClass

    public boolean isMemberClass ()

Returns `true` if and only if the underlying class is a member class.

Returns
`boolean` | `true` if and only if this class is a member class.

### isPrimitive

    public boolean isPrimitive ()

Determines if the specified `Class` object represents a primitive type.

There are nine predefined `Class` objects to represent the eight primitive types and void. These are created by the Java Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that they represent, namely `boolean`, `byte`, `char`, `short`, `int`, `long`, `float`, and `double`.

These objects may only be accessed via the following public static final variables, and are the only `Class` objects for which this method returns `true`.

Returns
`boolean` | true if and only if this class represents a primitive type

See also:

- `Boolean.TYPE`
- `Character.TYPE`
- `Byte.TYPE`
- `Short.TYPE`
- `Integer.TYPE`
- `Long.TYPE`
- `Float.TYPE`
- `Double.TYPE`
- `Void.TYPE`

### isSynthetic

    public boolean isSynthetic ()

Returns `true` if this class is a synthetic class; returns `false` otherwise.

Returns
`boolean` | `true` if and only if this class is a synthetic class as defined by the Java Language Specification.

### newInstance

    public T newInstance ()

Creates a new instance of the class represented by this `Class` object. The class is instantiated as if by a `new` expression with an empty argument list. The class is initialized if it has not already been initialized.

Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the nullary constructor, including a checked exception. Use of this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler. The `Constructor.newInstance` method avoids this problem by wrapping any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) `InvocationTargetException`.

Returns
`T` | a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this object.

Throws
`IllegalAccessException` | if the class or its nullary constructor is not accessible.
`InstantiationException` | if this `Class` represents an abstract class, an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void; or if the class has no nullary constructor; or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
`ExceptionInInitializerError` | if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
`SecurityException` | If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of `SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess` denies access to the package of this class.

### toGenericString

    public String toGenericString ()

Returns a string describing this `Class`, including information about modifiers and type parameters. The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any, followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types and `class`, `enum`, `interface`, or `@``interface`, as appropriate), followed by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any. A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the type parameter list is elided.

Note that since information about the runtime representation of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the originating source code or illegal on the originating source code may be present.

Returns
`String` | a string describing this `Class`, including information about modifiers and type parameters

### toString

    public String toString ()

Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by `getName`. If this `Class` object represents a primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type. If this `Class` object represents void this method returns "void".

Returns
`String` | a string representation of this class object.

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